Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

1492. The American continent was drawing Europeans on. Some saw in it the chance of a utopia, others saw it as utopia already coming about, in its natural state. All at once two processes of domination were triggered: one supported by the force of arms, and the other by the power of ideas and beliefs. If the defenders of utopian thinking were able to create a lasting achievement, it is because they managed to make their ideas fit with the principles (...) governing the social life of the indigenous peoples: thus a substantial part of what remains from the period of Don Vasco de Quiroga had preceded it. Cultures will not be able to transcend nationalisms and rise to the level of concerns shared by the whole of humanity until they can stand up for their own particular character against ‘globalizing’ trends. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como propósito apresentar um estudo sobre o uso de narrativas no ensino de História, procurando destacar as potencialidades deste recurso pedagógico no processo de construção do conhecimento histórico e averiguar como este recurso potencia o desenvolvimento do pensamento histórico em alunos portugueses do 2.º ano de escolaridade. As narrativas produzidas pelos alunos foram submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo indutiva e categorizadas por níveis de progressão de ideias. Os resultados demonstraram que este tipo de recurso pode influenciar (...) a estruturação do pensamento histórico dos alunos, bem como potenciar a sua imaginação. (shrink)

O artigo explora a relação do ser humano com o inefável e quais os caminhos para a presença de Deus na consciência religiosa, de acordo com Abraham Heschel, através da visão bíblica de mundo, nas seguintes categorias: sublime, maravilhoso, mistério, temor e glória. O resgate desses sentimentos dentro da religião é fundamental para a experiência da fé.

Este estudo de natureza teórico-bibliográfico tem por objetivo refletir sobre o conceito de espiritualidade natural e sua possível contribuição para saúde, em especial no contexto pandêmico da COVID 19. O aporte teórico utilizado centra-se no neuropsiquiatra vienense Viktor Frankl, além de outros autores, tais como Tillich, Zubiri, Kovács e Dittrich. Os resultados apontam que dentro de um conceito multidimensional de saúde, a dimensão espiritual exerce grande importância e contribuições para pensar o bem estar físico, emocional e social do ser humano. (...) Além do fato de que a espiritualidade natural está relacionada à uma visão de ser humano, complexa, na sua dimensão de profundeza espiritual que é o centro da estruturação e organização da dinâmica de sua maneira de ser no mundo e que aponta para um fenômeno intrínseco à sua existência – a espiritualidade como a conduta da vontade de busca por sentido de vida e que implica em deixar nascer o humano no ser do humano – o humanescer. (shrink)

En este artículo procederemos, en primer lugar, a clarificar las características de la razón poética de M. Zambrano en relación con la vida, la historia y, por ende, con la razón vital-histórica de Ortega y Gasset. A continuación, mostraremos de qué modo la primera incluye la poiésis de la pintura. Veremos entonces la relación que la “razón poética-pictórica” guarda con la memoria, así como el tipo de memoria que la filósofa reivindica en comparación con uno de los filósofos a los (...) que leyó desde su juventud: Henri Bergson. Al hilo de esta exposición analizaremos el sentido que la pensadora le otorga al “lugar”, con el objeto de descifrar el título de su obra “Algunos lugares de la pintura”. Solo así lograremos entender la preocupación zambraniana por abrir lugares espaciotemporales habitables en los que detenerse a contemplar. Nos preguntaremos en nuestra conclusión si esto es todavía posible en la era de la información. (shrink)

Phenomenology and the Kyoto School implement an interaction among cultures1 that is not limited to illustrating Western philosophy wxith exotic similes. Insofar as my position is concerned, I will start out with phenomenology in order to study Nishida's work, trying on the one hand to understand the meaning that he gives to nothingness in relation to the Merleau-Pontian concept of creux in order, on the other hand, to enlarge reason and philosophy.To achieve this, I shall establish a comparison of the (...) two thinkers that will help to shed light on their conceptions, while at the same time demonstrating the efficacy of thinking the unthoughts or negativities indicating a... (shrink)

There are several lessons to be learned from the COVID-19. The crisis of 2020 not only had exposed the vulnerability of populations but also several unequalities. In this sense, autonomy, equity, equality, and other ethical basic principles define what ought to be done and also the limits of action, “drawing the line”. Equity is a core principle in public health. Justice as fairness could exemplify the normative and cognitive dimensions of principles. Equality defines the line to close the gender gap, (...) dramatically exposed by pandemics. Care práctice and care ethics are basic for health policies. Beyond autonomy, ethical principles allow us to identify the best practices in public health. (shrink)

This work starts by unfolding Levinas’ legacy from Bergson to phenomenology. Particularly, the article explores how Levinas deeply understood the meaning of Husserl’s transcendental idealism of Ideas I. He adheres to Husserl’s re(con)duction to the transcendental, understood by Levinas as the sense of existence overlooked by the naturalist ontology. Finally, it develops the Levinasian continuation of genetic phenomenology and its conclusion, that is, the irreducibility of ethical responsibility.

El art. 35 de la Constitución española de 1978 reconoce a los españoles "el deber de trabajar y el derecho al trabajo, a la libre elección de profesión u oficio, a la promoción a través del trabajo y a una remuneración suficiente para satisfacer sus necesidades y las de su familia, sin que en ningún caso pueda hacerse discriminación por razón de sexo".

En este trabajo caracterizamos la filosofia de M. Merleau-Ponty como una fenomenología de la expresión ontológica, por considerar que reflexiona sobre algunos impensados de Husserl y los prolonga en una nueva ontología contribuyendo así, una vez más, a superar los dualismos heredados, en este caso, el que se produce entre fenomenología y ontología. Aunque haremos un recorrido por toda la obra merleau-pontiana, para pensar el sentir nos centraremos en la última, en la que el cuerpo vivido, pieza clave de la (...) rehabilitación ontológica de lo sensible, interacciona entre lo visible y lo invisible y la percepción se redefine como proceso que ocurre entre mi carne y la carne del mundo. Así veremos cómo Merleau-Ponty desarrolla la génesis y la síntesis pasiva explicitando el problema de· la estética transcendental, implícita en Husserl. Ésta se inicia con la reflexividad corporal y culmina en la reversibilidad siempre inminente de la carne. La ·fenomenología describe la experiencia originaria de ese sentir desde dentro de su propia evidencia. (shrink)

La perspectiva simult nea de filosof a y literatura, permite valorar qu grado de conocimiento hay en la ficci n, c mo se construyen subjetividad y texto, mundo y lenguaje. Muestra las posibilidades, te ricas y pr cticas, de la relaci n interna entre diferentes espacios argumentativos, entre actividades que poseen una vertiente creativa y, a la vez, una importante faceta reflexiva.

En la deliberación pública de una democracia, ¿qué lugar tienen las emociones, especialmente las emociones de la compasión y la ira?; es la pregunta general que guía esta investigación. Para dar respuesta a ella nos centraremos en el pensamiento de dos pensadores que aunque pertenecen a espacios culturales y académicos diferentes guardan algunos puntos de contacto en sus perspectivas filosóficas: Marta Nussbaum y Humberto Giannini. Haciéndonos cargo del affective turn (Ahmed 2014) nos interesa indagar que impacto tienen las pasiones de (...) la compasión y de la ira sobre una democracia incompleta, o débil. Esto es especialmente relevante en momentos de transformación y perfeccionamiento democrático, cuando una comunidad camina hacia una democracia más participativa e inclusiva. Así, en un primer momento, siguiendo las pistas que nos entregan estos dos filósofos, nos dedicaremos a describir formas de compasión y formas de ira que benefician la deliberación democrática y aquellas que la obstaculizan. (shrink)

The objective of this study is to determine the contribution made by knowledge of letters, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric rapid automatized naming at the ages of six and seven to the ability of Spanish children to read words at 7 years of age. A total of 116 Spanish-speaking school children took part in the study, from schools located in an average socio-cultural setting, without special educational needs. The reading ability of these pupils was evaluated at the (...) age of seven, and cognitive variables were assessed at 6 and 7 years of age. Descriptive-exploratory analyses, bivariate analyses, and multivariate regressions were performed. The results show that cognitive variables measured at these ages contribute differently to the ability to read words at 7 years of age. Rapid naming does not seem to influence word reading; knowledge of letters no longer influences word reading as children grow older; and phonological awareness and phonological memory maintain their contribution to the explanation of word reading. These results indicate that reading in Spanish depends on different cognitive variables and that this relationship varies according to age. The findings have key educational implications in terms of teaching reading skills and the prevention of specific learning difficulties in Spanish Primary Education. (shrink)

Scarcity acts as a mental burden that disrupts how people process information and make decisions (Mullainathan and Shafir in Scarcity: Why having too little means so much. Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2013; Mani et al. Science 342:976–980, 2013). In this study, we replicated Mani et al.’s (Science 342:976–980, 2013) experimental design to explore whether scarcity also taxes Colombian high school students’ mental bandwidth. In a lab-in-the-field experiment, we tested how 417 high school students from high and low socioeconomic status (SES) in Bogotá, (...) Colombia, responded to different scarcity situations. Students were first presented with hypothetical scenarios of harsh or soft scarcity. Next, participants had to solve a series of tasks that measured higher cognitive functions (i.e. Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Cognitive Reflection Task and questions to assess their Delay Discounting value) and had to explain how they would solve the scarcity situation. As opposed to Mani et al. (Science 342:976–980, 2013), we did not find that scarcity taxed individuals’ mental bandwidth, neither their cognitive nor executive functions. We found that low-SES individuals, under the harsh scarcity condition, displayed more empathic attributes than high-SES individuals. Taken together, the results of this study show the importance of replication in different cultures and environments. (shrink)

Several lines of evidence suggest that children born via Cesarean section are at greater risk for adverse health outcomes including allergies, asthma and obesity. Vaginal seeding is a medical procedure in which infants born by C-section are swabbed immediately after birth with vaginal secretions from the mother. This procedure has been proposed as a way to transfer the mother's vaginal microbiome to the child, thereby restoring the natural exposure that occurs during vaginal birth that is interrupted in the case of (...) babies born via C-section. Preliminary evidence indicates partial restoration of microbes. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine the health benefits of the procedure. Several studies, including trial, are currently underway. At the same time, in the clinic setting, doctors are increasingly being asked to by expectant mothers to have their babies seeded. This article reports on the current research on this procedure and the issues it raises for regulators, researchers, physicians, and patients. (shrink)

Apoptosis is now widely recognized as a common form of cell death and represents a mechanism of cell clearance in many physiological situations where deletion of cells is required. Peptide growth factors, initially characterised as stimulators of cell proliferation, have now been shown to inhibit death in many cell types. Deprivation of growth factors leads to the induction of apoptosis, i.e. condensation of chromatin and degradation in oligonucleosomesized fragments, formation of plasma and nuclear membrane blebs and cell fragmentation into apoptotic (...) bodies which can be taken up by neighbouring cells. Here we discuss the mechanism(;s) by which growth factors may inhibit apoptosis. (shrink)

This article explores the maternal experiences of a heterogeneous group of 26 mothers from Granada. The aim is to analyse the needs and demands that these women express with regard to childrearing, using a qualitative methodology. The authors conducted in-depth interviews and analysed the discourses of the mothers following the hermeneutical method. The variables used for sample selection and the themes that emerged during the interviews revealed that the discourses of the mothers revolve around three dimensions: indifference, demands and resignation (...) regarding support for childrearing. The lack of paternal involvement in childrearing appears as a transversal dimension. This article shows that the material conditions of existence marked the differences in the responses of the women regarding support for childrearing, while the sexual division of labour and gender inequalities unified their discourses. (shrink)

Desde sus inicios, el cine estuvo fuertemente ligado con la literatura a partir de las adaptaciones de novelas, la divulgación del patrimonio literario, el análisis de la subjetividad, la teoría de los géneros, la aplicación de las categorías de la narratología para el estudio de las especificaciones fílmicas, entre muchos otros. Este estudio toma dos relatos literarios y los compara a través de orientaciones metodológicas y teóricas de la narratología con la versión animada de La Leyenda de la Llorona, para (...) determinar similitudes y diferencias. Asimismo, analiza ciertos elementos del lenguaje cinematográfico que tienen concordancia con las obras literarias para entender que los vuelve diferentes y específicos. (shrink)

PEIXOTO, Adão José. Fenomenologia: diálogos possíveis. Campinas: Editora Alínea; Goiânia: Editora da PUC de Goiás, 2011. 221p. O livro Fenomenologia: diálogos possíveis, organizado por Adão José Peixoto, reúne artigos que abordam a aplicação dessa teoria do conhecimento como referencial para pesquisa nas áreas de Educação, Psicologia, Matemática, Enfermagem e Literatura. Apresenta os fundamentos da Fenomenologia e os procedimentos para aplicação do método fenomenológico em situações contemporâneas. Os autores propõem a ampliação do diálogo entre a Fenomenologia e outras áreas do conhecimento. (...) A Fenomenologia, método de investigação filosófica elaborado por Edmund Husserl no final do século XIX, surgiu com o intuito de transpor a relação antagônica entre objetivismo e subjetivismo. Enquanto o cientificismo da filosofia positivista busca o conhecimento científico neutro e advoga o distanciamento entre o sujeito e o objeto, a Fenomenologia propõe a inseparabilidade entre o sujeito e o objeto. A perspectiva fenomenológica intenta ver além do cientificismo das ciências naturais e demonstrar a inexistência de um sujeito puro, ou seja, desvinculado do objeto. Por trás dos atos e dos fenômenos humanos observáveis, os fenomenólogos consideram a existência latente de valores, de finalidades que precisam ser interpretados e compreendidos. Assim, a Fenomenologia procura resguardar a especificidade do fenômeno humano com a intenção de evitar que as ciências humanas adquiram uma feição determinista, capaz de negar a liberdade humana. Data de registro:12/02/2012 Data de aceite:08/02/2013. (shrink)

There is an increasing demand for ethical and Corporate Social Responsibility practices by companies. This competence has to be introduced in students’ training in business degree programs, and a check must then be done to determine if the students have come to appreciate the importance of CSR commitments. Using the framework of Stakeholders Theory, this work aims to examine students’ perceptions of ethical and CSR practices and commitment to different stakeholders, as well as the factors that lead students to act (...) in a socially responsible way. Furthermore, we hope to identify how the perception of CSR can be improved when Web 2.0 and social media tools that have proven effective in transmitting emotions and values are used in classrooms to teach these ideas. To this end, a survey was carried out in the year 2019 with 1,030 first-year students; it was administered at the beginning of the semester and also at the end of the semester after the training activities had been carried out. The main finding of the research is that students start with the belief that ethics and CSR are developed for reasons of image and legitimacy; however, after receiving training on these topics through tools that take into account emotions and values, they start to value the importance of the company as an agent of social change. The main practical and managerial implication is that methods based on Web 2.0 and social media tools are useful to teach ethics and CSR; the theoretical contribution is that students take into account the welfare of others. This finding contributes to Stakeholder Theory in a higher education context. (shrink)